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switch(true) {
case ((0x7F & $bytes) == $bytes):
// this case should never be reached, because we are in ASCII range
// see: http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
return chr(0x7F & $bytes);
case (0x07FF & $bytes) == $bytes:
// return a 2-byte UTF-8 character
// see: http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
return chr(0xC0 | (($bytes >> 6) & 0x1F))
. chr(0x80 | ($bytes & 0x3F));
case (0xFFFF & $bytes) == $bytes:
// return a 3-byte UTF-8 character
// see: http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
return chr(0xE0 | (($bytes >> 12) & 0x0F))
. chr(0x80 | (($bytes >> 6) & 0x3F))
. chr(0x80 | ($bytes & 0x3F));
}